Even though research on artificial intelligence (AI) goes back to the 1960s, it wasn't until the past decade that AI really became an integral part of our lives. From automatically recognizing faces in our photo library to predicting traffic congestion and finding the fastest routes to our destination, AI is everywhere. It is also revolutionizing how research and science are being done, from data mining to drug discovery. What makes AI particularly attractive and at the same time really powerful is that it not only automates many laborious tasks — this in principle could be done with a well-written script — but learns how to do them from data alone, without ever being explicitly programmed to solve the problem at hand. This is known as training the AI. Think of tagging pictures: I thought it was really neat when my first “smart” photo album app not only highlighted faces of my friends and family members in pictures, but — after I tagged a couple of p