01.25.17
NXP Semiconductors N.V. identifies three distinct trends in electronic passports (ePassports or biometric passports): increasing functionality, stronger security and the emergence of “virtual mobile identity.”
Out of 900 million passports issued, 730 are ePassports, which now represent the majority of passports in circulation. According to the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), the United Nations agency that oversees international air travel and defines ePassport standards, 120 states claim that they are currently issuing ePassports.
The infrastructure supporting ePassports has expanded as well. Today, over 5,000 automated border crossings (ABC) gates are operating worldwide, supporting more than 20 million ABC transactions daily.
Trend #1: Increasing Functionality
ePassport functionality is continuously evolving. ICAO first introduced BAC (Basic Access Control), then EAC (Extended Access Control) and today is currently migrating to SAC (Supplemental Access Control) protocols. All ePassports use the same data format, known as the Local Data Structure (LDS), to store and “seal” data to protect it from tampering. The data that is embedded in the chip remains the same for the whole lifespan of the document and can’t be modified.
A new format called LDS2, which is a backwards-compatible extension to previous generations of electronic passports and not far away from publication, will change that. It enables the digital storage of travel data such as electronic visas and travel stamps directly on the chip, and allows the complete passport booklet to be available in digital format. In addition, the read-and- write capacity allows new biometric data to be added. Countries will have more choice in national policy, and give people the option of submitting biometrics if they want to participate in a trusted-traveller program.
Trend #2: Stronger Security
The European refugee crisis, the rise in international terrorism and the increase in criminal activity spiked the demand for stolen and forged passports. This development advances the distribution of ePassports on a global scale. Countries that already issue ePassports are looking to increase the security further. As a result, the future will see more data being transferred from the physical pages of an ePassport, to the secure and tamper-resistant Integrated Circuit (IC). The IC is designed to resist attempts to steal, modify or misuse the data, and ceases to work properly if physically tampered with.
In reality, the chip in the electronic passport has more capacity and functional flexibility than just supporting the ICAO 9303 protocols, which offers untapped opportunities to implement electronic forensic security features.
Trend #3: ePassport Complemented by “Virtual Mobile Identity”
Answering the demand for leaner administration and stronger security, the ePassport is evolving from “just” being a travel document to being a government-issued root credential for other applications, including a “virtual mobile identity.” In the future, the single, secure digital id in combination with technology such as NFC , will allow ePassport owners to identify themselves, to interact with and authenticate applications via NFC-enabled mobile smartphones or wearable formats. ICAO is using the 9303 NTWG (New Technology Work Group) to work on potential future policies and standards for a “virtual mobile identity.”
NXP is an NFC co-inventor, and its SmartMX product family is a preferred choice for the secure element of NFC-enabled smartphones. ]
Out of 900 million passports issued, 730 are ePassports, which now represent the majority of passports in circulation. According to the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), the United Nations agency that oversees international air travel and defines ePassport standards, 120 states claim that they are currently issuing ePassports.
The infrastructure supporting ePassports has expanded as well. Today, over 5,000 automated border crossings (ABC) gates are operating worldwide, supporting more than 20 million ABC transactions daily.
Trend #1: Increasing Functionality
ePassport functionality is continuously evolving. ICAO first introduced BAC (Basic Access Control), then EAC (Extended Access Control) and today is currently migrating to SAC (Supplemental Access Control) protocols. All ePassports use the same data format, known as the Local Data Structure (LDS), to store and “seal” data to protect it from tampering. The data that is embedded in the chip remains the same for the whole lifespan of the document and can’t be modified.
A new format called LDS2, which is a backwards-compatible extension to previous generations of electronic passports and not far away from publication, will change that. It enables the digital storage of travel data such as electronic visas and travel stamps directly on the chip, and allows the complete passport booklet to be available in digital format. In addition, the read-and- write capacity allows new biometric data to be added. Countries will have more choice in national policy, and give people the option of submitting biometrics if they want to participate in a trusted-traveller program.
Trend #2: Stronger Security
The European refugee crisis, the rise in international terrorism and the increase in criminal activity spiked the demand for stolen and forged passports. This development advances the distribution of ePassports on a global scale. Countries that already issue ePassports are looking to increase the security further. As a result, the future will see more data being transferred from the physical pages of an ePassport, to the secure and tamper-resistant Integrated Circuit (IC). The IC is designed to resist attempts to steal, modify or misuse the data, and ceases to work properly if physically tampered with.
In reality, the chip in the electronic passport has more capacity and functional flexibility than just supporting the ICAO 9303 protocols, which offers untapped opportunities to implement electronic forensic security features.
Trend #3: ePassport Complemented by “Virtual Mobile Identity”
Answering the demand for leaner administration and stronger security, the ePassport is evolving from “just” being a travel document to being a government-issued root credential for other applications, including a “virtual mobile identity.” In the future, the single, secure digital id in combination with technology such as NFC , will allow ePassport owners to identify themselves, to interact with and authenticate applications via NFC-enabled mobile smartphones or wearable formats. ICAO is using the 9303 NTWG (New Technology Work Group) to work on potential future policies and standards for a “virtual mobile identity.”
NXP is an NFC co-inventor, and its SmartMX product family is a preferred choice for the secure element of NFC-enabled smartphones. ]
